Cakrawala Pedagogik

DIAGNOSTIK KESULITAN BELAJAR AUD

Afika Rizki — 2026-08-25

Learning difficulties in early childhood are an important issue because they can affect children’s learning process and future development. Therefore, identifying learning difficulties at an early stage is essential to determine the causes and provide appropriate support. This study aims to examine the concept of diagnosing learning difficulties in early childhood, including its definition, causes, diagnostic procedures, characteristics of children with learning difficulties, and intervention efforts. This research employed a literature review method by collecting data from books, scientific journals, articles, and other relevant references. The data were analyzed by reviewing, comparing, and synthesizing information from the selected sources. The findings indicate that learning difficulties are influenced by both internal and external factors. An appropriate diagnostic process helps teachers identify the causes of learning difficulties, select suitable learning strategies, and provide educational support based on each child’s needs. In addition, collaboration among teachers, parents, and professionals plays an important role in supporting the successful management of learning difficulties in ear.ly childhood.

MEMAHAMI SIFAT SIFAT MANUSIA MELALUI PENDEKATAN PSIKOANALITIS

Ani Anggrayani — 2026-08-26

This article aims to examine human nature through various approaches in psychology, with a particular emphasis on the psychoanalytic perspective. The study employs a library research method using a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings indicate that human nature, from a psychological standpoint, is understood as relatively stable patterns of behavior, thoughts, and emotions. The psychoanalytic approach developed by Sigmund Freud highlights the role of the unconscious mind, intrapsychic conflicts, and childhood experiences in shaping personality. Although this approach has been criticized for its limited empirical basis, its contribution remains significant in understanding the inner dynamics of human beings and the development of modern personality theories.

THE EFFECT OF HOTS-BASED PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) MODEL ON STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN SCIENCE SUBJECTS

Ferly Aprilianti — 2026-08-25

This study aims to analyze the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) on students’ critical thinking skills in science (IPA) subjects. The background of this study is based on the low level of students’ critical thinking skills, which are still dominated by conventional learning methods that do not optimally emphasize higher-order thinking development. This research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, involving an experimental group and a control group. Data were collected through critical thinking tests, observations, and documentation. The results showed that there is a significant effect of implementing the HOTS-based PBL model on improving students’ critical thinking skills. This is evidenced by the difference in the average scores between the experimental class, which applied the HOTS-based PBL model, and the control class, which used conventional teaching methods. Therefore, the HOTS-based PBL model is effective in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills in science learning. This study recommends the use of the HOTS-based PBL model as an innovative instructional strategy to improve the quality of learning and students’ critical thinking abilities.

MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STEAM BERBAHAN LOOSE PARTS UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN KREATIVITAS ANAK USIA DINI DI KELOMPOK BERMAIN AZ-ZAITUN KOTA SERANG

Ida — 2026-08-25

Creativity is one of the important aspects that need to be developed from anearly age as a provision for children to face challenges in the digital era. TheSTEAM (Science,Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics) learningmodel integrated with loose parts materials offers an innovative approach indeveloping children's creativity. This study aims to describe the applicationof the STEAM learning model using loose parts and analyze its influence on the development of early childhood creativity in KOBER Az-Zaitun, SerangCity. The research method used isa qualitative research method with researchsubjects group A aged 3-5 years and totaling 12 children. Data collectiontechniques were carried out through observation, interviews, anddocumentation. The research instrument used an observation sheet for thedevelopment of creativity that includes aspects of fluency, flexibility,originality, and elaboration. The results of the study indicate that theapplication of the STEAM learning model using loose parts can significantlydevelop early childhood creativity. Children showed improvements indivergent thinking, problem-solving, exploration, and expression of originalideas through various STEAM activities that utilize loose materials such aswooden blocks, used bottles, patterned plywood, etc.). Child-centeredlearning and providing freedom to explore encourage children to be moredaring in trying, experimenting, and expressing their imagination. Thisresearch provides a practical contribution for PAUD educators inimplementing innovative and fun learning to optimize the development ofearly childhood creativity.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF SPINDLE SPEED VARIATION ON NUT QUALITY IN TURNING PROCESS USING CONVENTIONAL LATHE

Muhammad Shasyan Perisaiku — 2026-08-25

This study investigates the influence of spindle speed variation on the quality of nuts produced using a conventional lathe. The objective is to determine the optimal spindle speed that yields the best surface roughness, dimensional accuracy, and thread integrity. A quantitative experimental design was applied using realistic simulated machining data based on standard turning practices. Spindle speeds of 300 rpm, 600 rpm, and 900 rpm were tested while maintaining constant feed rate (0.2 mm/rev) and depth of cut (0.5 mm). Measurements were conducted using a micrometer and surface roughness tester. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. The results indicate that spindle speed significantly affects both surface roughness and dimensional accuracy (p < 0.05). The 600 rpm configuration produced the most balanced results. These findings support machining parameter optimization in vocational and manufacturing contexts.

GURU SEBAGAI INFLUENCER: MEMBANGUN GENERASI CERDAS DAN BERKARAKTER DI ERA DIGITAL

Fauzan Faris Ramadhan — 2026-08-25

This study explores the role of teachers as influencers in 21st-century education, particularly in developing students' intelligence and character through the use of digital media and technology. Digital transformation requires teachers to function not only as conveyors of information but also as community leaders who can provide positive influence through digital behavior and communication. The purpose of this study is to analyze how teachers carry out their role as educational influencers and their impact on students' intellectual and character development. This study uses a literature review method by reviewing scientific sources such as books, articles, journals, and relevant research reports. The analysis was conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach to identify patterns, ideas, and strategies implemented by teachers in integrating character values ??and digital literacy. The results show that teachers with strong digital competence and personal integrity can create a positive influence through educational content, digital role models, and ethical communication. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of improving teachers' digital literacy, supporting educational policies, and ongoing professional training to build a digital learning ecosystem that is characterized, adaptive, and responsive to contemporary challenges.

PEMBIASAAN INFAQ DAN SODAQOH UNTUK MENANAMKAN EMPATI ANAK USIA DINI DI TK NURUL IMAN KECAMATAN CARENANG KABUPATEN SERANG

Zahrotun Nabila — 2026-08-27

This study aims to describe the habitual practice of infaq and sodaqoh as a means of instilling empathy in early childhood at TK Nurul Iman, Carenang District, Serang Regency. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving the principal, teachers, parents, and children. The findings show that empathy among children aged 4–5 years developed progressively, although not uniformly. Children began to demonstrate caring behaviors through sharing food, lending learning materials, helping friends, and participating in infaq and sodaqoh activities. Infaq was routinely conducted every Friday, while sodaqoh was practiced through sharing food, belongings, and assistance with people in need. Teachers strengthened the habit through modeling, reinforcement, praise, and guidance, while parents supported its continuity at home. The consistency of the activities and children's direct experience of giving were important in developing social awareness. The study indicates that habitual infaq and sodaqoh can integrate religious and social-emotional values in early childhood education.

MENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENGENAL KONSEP GEOMETRI ANAK MELALUI PROYEK GEOMETRI TIGA DIMENSI TERHADAP ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN DI PAUD IT NURWAHDAH CENDEKIA, KABUPATEN KEPAHIANG, PROVINSI BENGKULU

Sulaini — 2026-08-28

This research was motivated by the low ability of children to master spatial geometry concepts in class B2 of PAUD IT Nurwahdah Cendekia. This issue was caused by the dominance of conventional two-dimensional learning, which failed to adequately facilitate children's tactile interaction. This Classroom Action Research (CAR) aimed to improve early childhood spatial geometry conceptual understanding (cubes, blocks, and triangular pyramids) through a learning method based on the project construction of geometric shape nets. The study was conducted in two cycles involving 13 students. Data were collected through initial assessments, process observations, and performance appraisals of object construction using recycled cardboard nets. The results indicated a significant increase in classical completeness. In the pre-cycle condition, child completeness only reached 46.2% (6 children). Following the implementation of project-based learning in Cycle 1, completeness increased to 53.8% (7 children), which was not yet optimal due to fine motor constraints and group sectoral ego. After tactical improvements were made in Cycle 2, the classical completeness rate surged sharply to 84.61% (11 children), successfully exceeding the predetermined success indicator of 75%. Learning through direct construction activities using recycled cardboard net media is proven effective in enhancing visual-spatial intelligence, kinesthetic independence, and mathematical connection skills in early childhood.

PENGARUH FUN GAME TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PROBLEM SOLVING ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK NEGERI PEMBINA 02 LINGGO SARI BAGANTI

Vina Delmi Putri — 2026-08-29

Kemampuan memecahkan masalah merupakan aspek penting dalam perkembangan kognitif anak usia dini yang perlu dirangsang melalui pengalaman belajar yang aktif dan bermakna. Namun, kegiatan belajar di pendidikan anak usia dini masih didominasi oleh praktik yang diarahkan guru yang memberikan kesempatan terbatas bagi anak untuk mengeksplorasi, mengembangkan strategi, dan memecahkan masalah secara mandiri. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada implementasi Fun Game, yang mengintegrasikan permainan puzzle, labirin, dan menara cangkir ke dalam satu rangkaian pembelajaran untuk merangsang kemampuan memecahkan masalah anak melalui berpikir, bereksperimen dengan berbagai strategi, dan menemukan solusi secara mandiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Fun Game terhadap kemampuan memecahkan masalah anak usia 5-6 tahun di Taman Kanak-Kanak Negeri Pembina 02 Linggo Sari Baganti. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain kelompok kontrol pretest-posttest kuasi-eksperimental. Sampel terdiri dari 24 anak yang dibagi menjadi kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan daftar periksa observasi dan dianalisis melalui statistik deskriptif dan uji t sampel independen. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan memecahkan masalah anak di kedua kelompok meningkat; Namun, peningkatan pada kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada pada kelompok kontrol. Pengujian hipotesis menghasilkan nilai signifikansi 0,000 (p<0,05), yang menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Fun Game memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah anak usia 5-6 tahun.

THE INFLUENCE OF KAHOOT APPLICATION TOWARDS STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AT ELEVENTH GRADE OF SMAN 1 CIKANDE

Citra Septianingsih — 2026-08-30

This study examined the influence of Kahoot application towards students’ reading comprehension at the eleventh grade of SMAN 1 Cikande. A quasi-experimental design was used with two groups: a control group and an experimental group. Both groups were given a pre-test and a post-test, but only the experimental group received instruction using Kahoot. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Levene’s homogeneity test, and an independent sample t-test. The findings showed that the average post-test score of the experimental group improved significantly compared to the control group. The independent sample t-test resulted in a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.026, which is below 0.05. This means there was a significant difference in the reading comprehension outcomes between the two groups. These findings suggest that using Kahoot in English reading comprehension classes can increase student engagement and lead to better learning results

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENGLISH CONVERSATION HABITUATION TO IMPROVE SPEAKING SKILLS IN ELEMENTARY STUDENTS

Achmad Firdaus — 2026-08-30

This study investigates the implementation of English conversation habituation to improve students' speaking skills at Al Madina Elementary School. The research employed a classroom action research design involving 26 students. The intervention consisted of structured daily English conversations over several learning cycles. Data were collected through pre-tests, post-tests, observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The findings revealed significant improvement in students’ fluency, vocabulary use, and confidence in speaking English. The study highlights the effectiveness of repeated English conversation practice in enhancing speaking abilities. It suggests that structured habituation can be an impactful strategy in elementary English language learning

MICRO-DELIBERATION IN EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT: INTEGRATING TEACHER DELIBERATION AND FOUNDATION POLICIES IN MULTI-UNIT INSTITUTIONS

Siti Maulida — 2026-08-31

In the VUCA era, multi-unit educational institutions face dual challenges: maintaining policy cohesion between the board of trustees and the loosely coupled operating units, and ensuring that teacher involvement is not merely formal. This study aims to analyze micro-deliberation practices in educational management at Yayasan Nasyrul Ulum — an institution overseeing MTs, MA, MDTA, and a boarding school — and examine how the mechanism integrates teacher consultations with the foundation's policies. The qualitative approach used was a case study strategy, involving in-depth online interviews with key informants, who were purposely selected from the teaching staff. Data analysis was conducted inductively by connecting field findings to the mixed-scanning theory, open social systems, and loose coupling. The results of the study show three main findings: first, the loosely coupled structure of the foundation's units creates scheduling asymmetries and managerial blind spots that cannot be overcome with a deterministic approach; second, the teaching team proactively initiates micro-deliberation — internal discussions of four people before formal meetings — as a mechanism for filtering ideas, resulting in proposals based on consensus and technically validated; third, the top-down policies of the foundation's leadership are not final orders, but rather adaptive experiments (focused trial and error) that can be evaluated by teachers as practitioners in the field. The study concludes that micro-deliberation is a strategic instrument that bridges the gap between teacher deliberation and foundation policy, and that the mixed-scanning approach is the most relevant model for decision-making in the context of multi-unit educational institutions in Indonesia.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STAD BERBANTUAN RODA PUTAR KARTU SOAL TERHADAP KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS PESERTA DIDIK

Dewi Siti Adawiah — 2026-08-30

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of the STAD learning model assisted by the rotating wheel of question cards on students' mathematical communication. This study is a quantitative study. The design used in this study is a quasi-experimental with the form of the non-equivalent pretest-posttest. The results of hypothesis testing using the t test with a significance level of a = 0.05, obtained that t count = 2.2000 and t table = 2.0017. Because 2.2000 > 2.0017, then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. These results indicate that the use of the STAD learning model assisted by the rotating wheel of question cards can improve students' mathematical communication. This is because the STAD model provides opportunities for students to discuss, exchange ideas, and express opinions in groups, while the rotating wheel of question cards makes learning more interesting so that students are more active in communicating their mathematical ideas. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an effect of the use of the STAD model assisted by the rotating wheel of question cards on students' mathematical communication.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TWO STAY TWO STRAY (TSTS) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA PESERTA DIDIK

Jamaludin — 2026-08-30

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of the cooperative learning model type two stay two stray (TSTS) on students' mathematics learning outcomes. This research is a quantitative study with an experimental method. This research was conducted at SMPN 3 Banjarsari in the 2025/2026 academic year. The population in this study were all students of grade VII divided into three classes. The sampling technique in this study was the probability Sampling technique with the cluster sampling method, so that class VII A was the experimental class and class VII B was the control class. The instrument used was a test, conducted Pretest and Posttest. The results of this study obtained t count = 2.972 and t table = 2.687. Because t count > t table (2.972 > 2.687), then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. So it can be concluded that there is an influence of the cooperative learning model type two stay two stray (TSTS) on students' mathematics learning outcomes.

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS PESERTA DIDIK

Rahma Rahmawati — 2026-08-30

The mathematical Problem-solving ability of eighth-grade students at SMPN 3 Mandalawangi was relatively low due to the conventional and teacher-centered nature of the mathematics learning processes. This study aimed to determine the effect of implementing the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on students’s mathematical problem-solving abilities. This research was a quantitative study employing a quasi-experimental method with a nonequavalent pretest-posttest control group design. The research population comprised all eighth-grade students at SMPN 3 Mandalawangi for the 2025/2026 academic year. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique, with class VIII A designated as the experimental class that implemented the PBL model and class VIII B as the control class using conventional learning. The research instrumen consisted of an essay test measuring mathematical problem-solving ability on statistics material, administered through a pretest and a posttest. The results showed that the mean posttes. The results showed that the experimental class (43,20) was higher than that of the control class (38,76). The t_hitung = 3,864 and t_tabel= 1,996, so H₀ was rejected and H₁ was accepted. Therefore, the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model had a positive effect on students’ mathematical problem solving abilities.

THE EFFECT OF CLASSROOM AVAILABILITY ON THE LEARNING EFFECTIVENESS OF STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITAS PANCA SAKTI BEKASI

Nur Asiah — 2026-08-30

The Effect of Classroom Availability on the Learning Effectiveness of
Students at Universitas Panca Sakti Bekasi (2026). Undergraduate Thesis. Bekasi:
Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Panca Sakti Bekasi, 2026.
This study aims to determine the level of classroom availability and to
analyze the effect of classroom availability on students' learning effectiveness at
Universitas Panca Sakti Bekasi. This study employed a quantitative approach using
an associative method. The population consisted of active students of Universitas
Panca Sakti Bekasi from the 2022–2025 cohorts, totaling 2,606 students. The
sample consisted of 96 respondents, determined using the Slovin formula with a
10% margin of error and a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected
through a questionnaire using a Likert scale. Data analysis included descriptive
analysis, validity testing, reliability testing, normality testing, linearity testing,
simple linear regression analysis, t-test, and coefficient of determination. The
results showed that the research data were normally distributed and had a linear
relationship. The results of the simple linear regression analysis produced the
equation Y = 28.987 + 0.513X, indicating that classroom availability had a positive
effect on students' learning effectiveness. The t-test results showed a t-value of 5.612
with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that H? was rejected and H?
was accepted. Therefore, classroom availability had a positive and significant effect
on students' learning effectiveness at Universitas Panca Sakti Bekasi. The
coefficient of determination showed an R Square value of 0.251, meaning that
classroom availability contributed 25.1% to students' learning effectiveness, while
the remaining 74.9% was influenced by other factors outside the research model.

THE EFFECT OF READING LITERACY ON STUDENTS' LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT IN SOCIAL STUDIES (IPS) AMONG EIGHTH-GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP ISLAM AL-IKHLAS, BEKASI CITY

Adinda Shavira — 2026-08-30

This study aims to determine the effect of reading literacy on students' learning achievement in the Social Studies (IPS) subject among eighth-grade students of SMP Islam Al-Ikhlas, Bekasi City. This research used a quantitative method with an associative approach. The population consisted of 98 students, with a sample of 73 students determined using the Isaac and Michael table at a 10% error rate through proportionate stratified random sampling. Data on reading literacy (variable X) were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire consisting of 24 valid items, while data on learning achievement (variable Y) were obtained from students' IPS report card grades. The data analysis techniques included normality testing, linearity testing, simple linear regression analysis, correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, and t-test. The results show that the data for both variables are normally distributed (Asymp. Sig. of 0.633 for reading literacy and 0.559 for learning achievement) and linear in relationship (Deviation from Linearity of 0.199). The regression analysis produced the equation Y = 76.722 + 0.117X, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.122 and a coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.015, indicating that reading literacy accounts for only 1.5% of the variation in students' learning achievement, while the remaining 98.5% is influenced by other factors. The t-test result shows a t-value of 1.040 with a significance of 0.302 (> 0.05), meaning H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. Thus, it can be concluded that reading literacy does not have a significant effect on the learning achievement of eighth-grade students of SMP Islam Al-Ikhlas, Bekasi City, in the Social Studies subject, although the relationship between the two variables remains positive.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DEEP LEARNING APPROACH AND STUDENS MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

salsa N. Salsa Maulidhita Hapein — 2026-08-30

Research examining the direct relationship between the deep learning approach and students' mathematical conceptual understanding. This study employed a correlational quantitative approach. Mathematical conceptual understanding is one of the fundamental abilities that students need to possess. In the learning process, the characteristics of deep learning are theoretically believed to support the development of this ability. Therefore, the study involved a sample of 34 senior high school students selected through purposive sampling. The sampling technique was chosen based on participants who met the research criteria. The instruments used in this study consisted of a deep learning questionnaire and a mathematical conceptual understanding test. The results showed a significance value of 0.065, which is greater than the significance level of 0.05. Therefore, the research hypothesis (H0) was accepted and (Ha) was rejected. The findings indicate that the relationship between the deep learning approach and mathematical conceptual understanding tends to be positive, although the relationship is not statistically significant. The correlation coefficient obtained was 0.320 (r > 0), indicating a positive relationship with a low category of correlation.

THE USE OF AI IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ LEARNING INDEPENDENCE AND WRITING SKILLS

Neni Desi Fajarwati — 2026-08-30

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has created new opportunities in English language learning, particularly in supporting learner autonomy and students’ writing skills. The study aims to analyze the use of AI in English language learning to support learner autonomy and improve students’ English writing skills. Method: This study employed a library research method using a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were obtained from relevant scholarly journal articles, books, and academic sources published primarily within the last five years. The data were analyzed through identification, selection, classification, comparison, interpretation, and synthesis of findings from previous studies. The findings indicate that AI can support learner autonomy by providing flexible access to learning resources, immediate feedback, opportunities to regulate learning processes, and opportunities for students to conduct self-evaluation and reflection. In writing instruction, AI assists students in generating ideas, developing arguments, organizing outlines, improving vocabulary and grammar, revising, and editing their texts. However, unregulated AI use may lead to student dependency and reduce the authenticity of students’ writing. Conclusion: AI can serve as an effective learning assistant for improving learner autonomy and English writing skills when implemented critically, ethically, and systematically, while students remain the primary decision-makers in the learning process and teachers act as facilitators.

THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTS' ECONOMIC CONDITION ON STUDENTS' INTEREST IN CONTINUING THEIR STUDIES TO HIGHER EDUCATION AMONG TWELFTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MA AS-SYAFI'IYAH 02.

Ulfah Nabila — 2026-08-30

ULFAH NABILA. The Influence of Parents' Economic Condition on Students' Interest in Continuing Their Studies to Higher Education among Twelfth Grade Students of MA As-Syafi'iyah 02.

This study aimed to determine the influence of parents' economic condition on students' interest in continuing their studies to higher education among twelfth grade students of MA As-Syafi'iyah 02. This research employed a quantitative associative method. The sample consisted of 65 twelfth grade students. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression analysis. The normality test showed that the data were normally distributed (Sig. = 0.200 > 0.05), and the linearity test showed a linear relationship between the two variables (Deviation from Linearity Sig. = 0.976 > 0.05), so the data were suitable for further analysis using simple linear regression. The regression analysis produced the equation ? = 16.806 + 0.665X, indicating that parents' economic condition had a positive influence on students' interest in continuing their studies to higher education. The t-test showed a t-value of 6.547 with a significance of 0.000 (< 0.05), proving that parents' economic condition had a positive and significant influence on students' interest in continuing their studies to higher education. The coefficient of determination (R Square) was 0.405 (40.5%), indicating that parents' economic condition contributed 40.5% to students' interest in continuing their studies to higher education, while the remaining 59.5% was influenced by other factors.

Keywords : Parents' Economic Condition, Interest in Continuing Studies to Higher Education.

PENGARUH TEKNIK INSIDE OUTSIDE CIRCLE TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KONSEP HURUF ABJAD PADA ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN (Studi Quasi- Eksperimental Di TK Negeri Pembina Kabupaten Serang)

Ina Listiani — 2026-08-30

Ina Listiani.NIM 211260006. 2025. The Effect of Inside Outside Circle Technique on Alphabet Concepts at Age 4-5 Years (Quasi-Experimental Study at Pembina State Kindergarten, Serang Regency) This study aims to determine the effect of the Inside-Outside Circle technique on the ability to conceptualize alphabet letters, especially vowels, in children aged 4-5 years at Pembina State Kindergarten, Serang Regency. The background of this study is based on the importance of recognizing vowels as a basis for early literacy skills, but there are still children who have difficulty in distinguishing and pronouncing vowels correctly. The benefits of this study include theoretical benefits as a contribution to the development of cooperative learning theory for early childhood, as well as practical benefits for children, teachers, schools, and researchers in designing more interactive and enjoyable learning. The study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method. The subjects of the study consisted of two classes, namely the experimental class using the Inside-Outside Circle technique and the control class using conventional methods. The data collection technique used pretest and posttest, while data analysis used N-Gain test and Mann Whitney test with the help of SPSS version 25. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. The Mann Whitney test produced a significance value of 0.000 <0.05 and a Zcount value of -4.690, which means Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. In addition, the average value of N-Gain Score in the experimental class of 52.69% indicates that the Inside-Outside Circle technique is quite influential in improving the ability to recognize vowels in children aged 4-5 years.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERACTIVE VIDEO LEARNING MEDIA AND STUDENTS’ LEARNING INTEREST IN SOCIAL STUDIES (IPS) AMONG EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS AT SMP ISLAM DARUL KIROM, JATISAMPURNA, BEKASI CITY

Siti Faridah — 2026-08-30

This study aimed to determine the relationship between the utilization of interactive video learning media and students’ learning interest in Social Studies (IPS) among eighth-grade students at SMP Islam Darul Kirom, Jatisampurna, Bekasi City. The study employed a descriptive quantitative correlational approach. The population and sample consisted of 60 eighth-grade students selected using total sampling. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis included normality and linearity prerequisite tests, followed by the Pearson Product Moment correlation test and coefficient of determination. The results showed that the data were normally distributed and the relationship between the variables was linear, with a Deviation from Linearity significance value of 0.161 > 0.05. The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.623 with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a positive and significant relationship with a strong level of association. The coefficient of determination (R²) was 38.8%, meaning that variation in students’ learning interest was associated with the utilization of interactive video learning media by 38.8%, while 61.2% was associated with other factors outside the study. Therefore, better utilization of interactive video learning media tends to be accompanied by higher students’ learning interest in Social Studies.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL (IPS) KELAS VIII.4 SMP NEGERI 90 JAKARTA

Tsabitah Adhwa — 2026-08-30

The Jigsaw cooperative learning model is one of the learning models presumed to influence students' learning outcomes. This led the researcher to conduct the present study, which aims to determine the effect of the Jigsaw cooperative learning model on the Social Studies (IPS) learning outcomes of grade VIII.4 students at SMP Negeri 90 Jakarta on the topic of Human Resources. This study employed a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental One Group Pretest-Posttest design. The sample consisted of 36 grade VIII.4 students of SMP Negeri 90 Jakarta, selected through total sampling. The instrument used was a 26-item multiple-choice learning outcome test, validated from an initial 30-item try-out, with a Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.928, categorized as very high. Based on the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, the pretest and posttest data were not normally distributed (Sig. = 0.000); therefore, hypothesis testing was conducted using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, with the Paired Sample t-Test used as a comparison. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test yielded an Asymptotic Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.005, supported by the Paired Sample t-Test result with a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.007. The mean pretest score of 21.58 increased to 23.78 at posttest. As both significance values were below 0.05, it can be concluded that the Jigsaw cooperative learning model has a significant effect on the Social Studies (IPS) learning outcomes of grade VIII.4 students at SMP Negeri 90 Jakarta.

PENGARUH ALOKASI WAKTU PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VII MATA PELAJARAN IPS DI SMP NEGERI 90 JAKARTA

Alyatul Jamaliyah — 2026-08-30

This study aims to find out whether there is an effect of learning time allocation on the learning effectiveness of grade VII students of Social Sciences (IPS) at SMP Negeri 90 Jakarta. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with an associative approach. The research sample was 84 grade VII students who were determined using the Slovin formula through random sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out using a Likert scale questionnaire instrument consisting of 33 statements. The results of the t-calculation value showed -8.989 with a significance of 0.000 < 0.05 which means that the allocation of learning time has a significant effect on the effectiveness of learning statistically. The value of the regression coefficient of -0.053 indicates that the influence has a negative direction. The R Square value of 0.496 shows that the effectiveness of student learning is influenced by the allocation of learning time by 49.6%, while the remaining 50.4% is influenced by other factors outside this study. Therefore, it can be concluded that the higher the allocation of learning time that students feel is not always followed by an increase in learning effectiveness, so more efficient and appropriate management of learning time is needed to increase the effectiveness of student learning optimally.

OUTING CLASS SEBAGAI RUANG PENGALAMAN GERAK ANAK: PRAKTIK PENGEMBANGAN MOTORIK KASAR USIA 4–5 TAHUN DI TK AL-IQRA' MATARAM

Nadia Sari — 2026-08-30

"Outing class" activities represent a form of experiential learning that provides children with opportunities to engage in various physical movements outside the classroom. This study aims to describe the implementation of outing class activities regarding the gross motor development of children aged 4–5 years at Al-Iqra’ Mataram Kindergarten, covering planning, implementation, evaluation, gross motor development outcomes, and supporting as well as inhibiting factors. The study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. The research subjects consisted of 20 children from Group A2 and two teachers. Data were collected through non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews with teachers, and documentation, then analyzed through the stages of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that outing class activities were carried out through planning, implementation, and evaluation phases, comprising two types of activities: field visits and outdoor adventure activities (outbound). Gross motor activities performed by the children included walking, running, jumping, climbing up and down stairs, walking along a line, maintaining balance, and object-related coordination activities such as throwing, catching, and kicking a ball. Observations of the 20 children revealed variations in gross motor development outcomes across the categories of "Starting to Develop" (MB), "Developing as Expected" (BSH), and "Developing Very Well" (BSB), with no instances found in the "Not Yet Developing" (BB) category. Skills such as walking, running, jumping, climbing stairs, and participating in physical activities showed relatively higher achievement levels in the BSH and BSB categories, whereas the abilities to catch and kick a ball still showed a larger proportion in the MB category. The implementation of these activities was influenced by teacher readiness, child engagement, environmental conditions, availability of facilities, weather, timing, differences in children's abilities, and safety requirements. Research findings indicate that "outing class" activities provide children with a diverse range of movement experiences and require activity adjustments and teacher guidance based on the children's developmental status and the environment.